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Abstract
Quantum computers pose a threat to the security of communications over the internet. This imminent risk has led to the standardization of cryptographic schemes for protection in a post-quantum scenario. We present a design methodology for future implementations of such algorithms. This is manifested using the NIST selected digital signature scheme CRYSTALS-Dilithium and key encapsulation scheme CRYSTALS-Kyber. A unified architecture, is proposed that can perform key generation, encapsulation, decapsulation, signature generation, and signature verification for all the security levels of CRYSTALS-Dilithium, and CRYSTALS-Kyber. A unified yet flexible polynomial arithmetic unit is designed that can processes Kyber operations twice as fast as Dilithium operations. Efficient memory management is proposed to achieve optimal latency. is explicitly tailored for ASIC platforms using multiple clock domains. On ASIC 28nm/65nm technology, it occupies 0.263/1.107 mm<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^2$</tex-math> </inline-formula> and achieves a clock frequency of 2GHz/560MHz for the fast clock used for memory unit. On Xilinx Zynq Ultrascale<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$+$</tex-math> </inline-formula>ZCU102 FPGA, the proposed architecture uses 23,277 LUTs, 9,758 DFFs, 4 DSPs, and 24 BRAMs, at 270 MHz clock frequency. performs better than the standalone implementations of either of the two schemes. This is the first work to provide a unified design in hardware for both schemes.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 1-12 |
Number of pages | 12 |
Journal | IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers |
Volume | 2022 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | E-pub ahead of print - 2022 |
Keywords
- IT-security
- Kyber
- Dilithium
- pqcrypto
- Computers
- Encapsulation
- CRYSTALS-Dilithium
- cryptoprocessor
- NIST PQC standardized
- Quantum computing
- CRYSTALS-Kyber
- NIST
- Hardware
- Arithmetic
- Clocks
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering
- Hardware and Architecture
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Dive into the research topics of 'KaLi: A Crystal for Post-Quantum Security Using Kyber and Dilithium'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.Projects
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PQC-SRC - Efficient and Secure Lattice-based Post-Quantum Public-Key Cryptography (PQC) in Hardware: NISTs PQC Standardization and Beyond.
1/06/21 → 31/05/24
Project: Research project