Evaluating Particulate Emissions from a Flexible Fuel Vehicle with Direct Injection when Operated on Ethanol and Iso-butanol Blends

George Karavalakis; Daniel Short; Vincent Chen; Carlos Espinoza; Tyler Berte; Thomas Durbin; Akua Asa-Awuku; Heejung Jung; Leonidas Ntziachristos; Stavros Amanatidis; Alexander Bergmann

doi:10.4271/2014-01-2768

Evaluating Particulate Emissions from a Flexible Fuel Vehicle with Direct Injection when Operated on Ethanol and Iso-butanol Blends

George Karavalakis^*, Daniel Short, Vincent Chen, Carlos Espinoza, Tyler Berte, Thomas Durbin, Akua Asa-Awuku, Heejung Jung, Leonidas Ntziachristos, Stavros Amanatidis, Alexander Bergmann

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference paper › peer-review

Abstract

The relationship between ethanol and iso-butanol fuel concentrations and vehicle particulate matter emissions was investigated. This study utilized a gasoline direct injection (GDI) flexible fuel vehicle (FFV) with wall-guided fueling system tested with four fuels, including E10, E51, E83, and an iso-butanol blend at a proportion of 55% by volume. Emission measurements were conducted over the Federal Test Procedure (FTP) driving cycle on a chassis dynamometer with an emphasis on the physical and chemical characterization of particulate matter (PM) emissions. The results indicated that the addition of higher ethanol blends and the iso-butanol blend resulted in large reductions in PM mass, soot, and total and solid particle number emissions. PM emissions for the baseline E10 fuel were characterized by a higher fraction of elemental carbon (EC), whereas the PM emissions for the higher ethanol blends were more organic carbon (OC) in nature. The higher ethanol blends and the iso-butanol blend showed lower concentrations of accumulation mode particles and size distributions shifted to smaller particle sizes compared to E10. In addition, the majority of trace elements and metals showed clear reductions with increasing alcohol content into gasoline.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	SAE 2014 International Powertrains, Fuels and Lubricants Meeting, FFL 2014
Publisher	SAE International
Volume	2014-October
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.4271/2014-01-2768
Publication status	Published - 13 Oct 2014
Externally published	Yes
Event	SAE 2014 International Powertrains, Fuels and Lubricants Meeting, FFL 2014 - Birmingham, United Kingdom Duration: 20 Oct 2014 → 22 Oct 2014

Conference

Conference	SAE 2014 International Powertrains, Fuels and Lubricants Meeting, FFL 2014
Country/Territory	United Kingdom
City	Birmingham
Period	20/10/14 → 22/10/14

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Automotive Engineering
Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality
Pollution
Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering

Access to Document

10.4271/2014-01-2768

Cite this

Karavalakis, G., Short, D., Chen, V., Espinoza, C., Berte, T., Durbin, T., Asa-Awuku, A., Jung, H., Ntziachristos, L., Amanatidis, S., & Bergmann, A. (2014). Evaluating Particulate Emissions from a Flexible Fuel Vehicle with Direct Injection when Operated on Ethanol and Iso-butanol Blends. In SAE 2014 International Powertrains, Fuels and Lubricants Meeting, FFL 2014 (Vol. 2014-October). SAE International. https://doi.org/10.4271/2014-01-2768

Evaluating Particulate Emissions from a Flexible Fuel Vehicle with Direct Injection when Operated on Ethanol and Iso-butanol Blends. / Karavalakis, George; Short, Daniel; Chen, Vincent et al.
SAE 2014 International Powertrains, Fuels and Lubricants Meeting, FFL 2014. Vol. 2014-October SAE International, 2014.

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference paper › peer-review

Karavalakis, G, Short, D, Chen, V, Espinoza, C, Berte, T, Durbin, T, Asa-Awuku, A, Jung, H, Ntziachristos, L, Amanatidis, S & Bergmann, A 2014, Evaluating Particulate Emissions from a Flexible Fuel Vehicle with Direct Injection when Operated on Ethanol and Iso-butanol Blends. in SAE 2014 International Powertrains, Fuels and Lubricants Meeting, FFL 2014. vol. 2014-October, SAE International, SAE 2014 International Powertrains, Fuels and Lubricants Meeting, FFL 2014, Birmingham, United Kingdom, 20/10/14. https://doi.org/10.4271/2014-01-2768

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abstract = "The relationship between ethanol and iso-butanol fuel concentrations and vehicle particulate matter emissions was investigated. This study utilized a gasoline direct injection (GDI) flexible fuel vehicle (FFV) with wall-guided fueling system tested with four fuels, including E10, E51, E83, and an iso-butanol blend at a proportion of 55% by volume. Emission measurements were conducted over the Federal Test Procedure (FTP) driving cycle on a chassis dynamometer with an emphasis on the physical and chemical characterization of particulate matter (PM) emissions. The results indicated that the addition of higher ethanol blends and the iso-butanol blend resulted in large reductions in PM mass, soot, and total and solid particle number emissions. PM emissions for the baseline E10 fuel were characterized by a higher fraction of elemental carbon (EC), whereas the PM emissions for the higher ethanol blends were more organic carbon (OC) in nature. The higher ethanol blends and the iso-butanol blend showed lower concentrations of accumulation mode particles and size distributions shifted to smaller particle sizes compared to E10. In addition, the majority of trace elements and metals showed clear reductions with increasing alcohol content into gasoline.",

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AU - Amanatidis, Stavros

AU - Bergmann, Alexander

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N2 - The relationship between ethanol and iso-butanol fuel concentrations and vehicle particulate matter emissions was investigated. This study utilized a gasoline direct injection (GDI) flexible fuel vehicle (FFV) with wall-guided fueling system tested with four fuels, including E10, E51, E83, and an iso-butanol blend at a proportion of 55% by volume. Emission measurements were conducted over the Federal Test Procedure (FTP) driving cycle on a chassis dynamometer with an emphasis on the physical and chemical characterization of particulate matter (PM) emissions. The results indicated that the addition of higher ethanol blends and the iso-butanol blend resulted in large reductions in PM mass, soot, and total and solid particle number emissions. PM emissions for the baseline E10 fuel were characterized by a higher fraction of elemental carbon (EC), whereas the PM emissions for the higher ethanol blends were more organic carbon (OC) in nature. The higher ethanol blends and the iso-butanol blend showed lower concentrations of accumulation mode particles and size distributions shifted to smaller particle sizes compared to E10. In addition, the majority of trace elements and metals showed clear reductions with increasing alcohol content into gasoline.

AB - The relationship between ethanol and iso-butanol fuel concentrations and vehicle particulate matter emissions was investigated. This study utilized a gasoline direct injection (GDI) flexible fuel vehicle (FFV) with wall-guided fueling system tested with four fuels, including E10, E51, E83, and an iso-butanol blend at a proportion of 55% by volume. Emission measurements were conducted over the Federal Test Procedure (FTP) driving cycle on a chassis dynamometer with an emphasis on the physical and chemical characterization of particulate matter (PM) emissions. The results indicated that the addition of higher ethanol blends and the iso-butanol blend resulted in large reductions in PM mass, soot, and total and solid particle number emissions. PM emissions for the baseline E10 fuel were characterized by a higher fraction of elemental carbon (EC), whereas the PM emissions for the higher ethanol blends were more organic carbon (OC) in nature. The higher ethanol blends and the iso-butanol blend showed lower concentrations of accumulation mode particles and size distributions shifted to smaller particle sizes compared to E10. In addition, the majority of trace elements and metals showed clear reductions with increasing alcohol content into gasoline.

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Evaluating Particulate Emissions from a Flexible Fuel Vehicle with Direct Injection when Operated on Ethanol and Iso-butanol Blends

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