Investigation of the Hydrogen Mass Fraction Distribution in a Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell through Experimentally Validated Simulation

Merit Bodner; Željko  Penga; Viktor Hacker

Abstract

During the start-up of a fuel cell, but also during transient operation, the availability of hydrogen at any location of the active surface of the fuel cell anode is crucial for its safe and reliable operation. When neglecting water vapor, inlet hydrogen mass fractions below one may occur when inert gases or air are flushed out during start-up or as a result of nitrogen accumulation due to fuel recirculation in fuel-efficiency driven system operation [1], [2]. Therefore, in a combined experimental and simulation-based approach, the hydrogen mass fraction distribution over the active area of a 25 cm2 single cell was investigated and the impact of it on known degradation mechanisms such as the corrosion of carbon-based anode catalyst support was determined through off-gas analysis. With a new approach to time-resolved computational fluid dynamic simulation (based on an existing model by Penga et al. [3]) the progression of local conditions during current ramp up were visualized [4].

References

[1] B. Wang, H. Deng, and K. Jiao, “Purge strategy optimization of proton exchange membrane fuel cell with anode recirculation,” Appl. Energy, vol. 225, no. May, pp. 1–13, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.04.058.

[2] K. Kocher, S. Kolar, W. Ladreiter, and V. Hacker, “Cold start behavior and freeze characteristics of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell,” Fuel Cells, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 363–372, 2021, doi: 10.1002/fuce.202000106.

[3] Ž. Penga, C. Bergbreiter, F. Barbir, and J. Scholta, “Numerical and experimental analysis of liquid water distribution in PEM fuel cells,” Energy Convers. Manag., vol. 189, pp. 167–183, Jun. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2019.03.082.

[4] M. Bodner, Ž. Penga, W. Ladreiter, M. Heidinger, and V. Hacker, “Simulation-Assisted Determination of the Start-Up Time of a Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell,” Energies, vol. 14, no. 23, p. 7929, Nov. 2021, doi: 10.3390/en14237929.

Originalsprache	englisch
Publikationsstatus	Veröffentlicht - 1 Juni 2022
Veranstaltung	241st ECS Meeting - Vancouver, Hybrider Event, Kanada Dauer: 29 Mai 2022 → 2 Juni 2022

Konferenz

Konferenz	241st ECS Meeting
Land/Gebiet	Kanada
Ort	Hybrider Event
Zeitraum	29/05/22 → 2/06/22

Fields of Expertise

Mobility & Production

Andere Dateien und Links

https://ecs.confex.com/ecs/241/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/158507

HyTechonomy - Wasserstofftechnologien für nachhaltiges Wirtschaften
Hacker, V., Schutting, E., Hochenauer, C., Subotić, V., Bodner, M., Kuhnert, E. & Heidinger, M.
1/04/21 → 31/03/25
Projekt: Forschungsprojekt

Dieses zitieren

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title = "Investigation of the Hydrogen Mass Fraction Distribution in a Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell through Experimentally Validated Simulation",

abstract = "During the start-up of a fuel cell, but also during transient operation, the availability of hydrogen at any location of the active surface of the fuel cell anode is crucial for its safe and reliable operation. When neglecting water vapor, inlet hydrogen mass fractions below one may occur when inert gases or air are flushed out during start-up or as a result of nitrogen accumulation due to fuel recirculation in fuel-efficiency driven system operation [1], [2]. Therefore, in a combined experimental and simulation-based approach, the hydrogen mass fraction distribution over the active area of a 25 cm2 single cell was investigated and the impact of it on known degradation mechanisms such as the corrosion of carbon-based anode catalyst support was determined through off-gas analysis. With a new approach to time-resolved computational fluid dynamic simulation (based on an existing model by Penga et al. [3]) the progression of local conditions during current ramp up were visualized [4].References[1] B. Wang, H. Deng, and K. Jiao, “Purge strategy optimization of proton exchange membrane fuel cell with anode recirculation,” Appl. Energy, vol. 225, no. May, pp. 1–13, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.04.058.[2] K. Kocher, S. Kolar, W. Ladreiter, and V. Hacker, “Cold start behavior and freeze characteristics of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell,” Fuel Cells, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 363–372, 2021, doi: 10.1002/fuce.202000106.[3] {\v Z}. Penga, C. Bergbreiter, F. Barbir, and J. Scholta, “Numerical and experimental analysis of liquid water distribution in PEM fuel cells,” Energy Convers. Manag., vol. 189, pp. 167–183, Jun. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2019.03.082.[4] M. Bodner, {\v Z}. Penga, W. Ladreiter, M. Heidinger, and V. Hacker, “Simulation-Assisted Determination of the Start-Up Time of a Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell,” Energies, vol. 14, no. 23, p. 7929, Nov. 2021, doi: 10.3390/en14237929.",

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T1 - Investigation of the Hydrogen Mass Fraction Distribution in a Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell through Experimentally Validated Simulation

AU - Bodner, Merit

AU - Penga, Željko

AU - Hacker, Viktor

PY - 2022/6/1

Y1 - 2022/6/1

N2 - During the start-up of a fuel cell, but also during transient operation, the availability of hydrogen at any location of the active surface of the fuel cell anode is crucial for its safe and reliable operation. When neglecting water vapor, inlet hydrogen mass fractions below one may occur when inert gases or air are flushed out during start-up or as a result of nitrogen accumulation due to fuel recirculation in fuel-efficiency driven system operation [1], [2]. Therefore, in a combined experimental and simulation-based approach, the hydrogen mass fraction distribution over the active area of a 25 cm2 single cell was investigated and the impact of it on known degradation mechanisms such as the corrosion of carbon-based anode catalyst support was determined through off-gas analysis. With a new approach to time-resolved computational fluid dynamic simulation (based on an existing model by Penga et al. [3]) the progression of local conditions during current ramp up were visualized [4].References[1] B. Wang, H. Deng, and K. Jiao, “Purge strategy optimization of proton exchange membrane fuel cell with anode recirculation,” Appl. Energy, vol. 225, no. May, pp. 1–13, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.04.058.[2] K. Kocher, S. Kolar, W. Ladreiter, and V. Hacker, “Cold start behavior and freeze characteristics of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell,” Fuel Cells, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 363–372, 2021, doi: 10.1002/fuce.202000106.[3] Ž. Penga, C. Bergbreiter, F. Barbir, and J. Scholta, “Numerical and experimental analysis of liquid water distribution in PEM fuel cells,” Energy Convers. Manag., vol. 189, pp. 167–183, Jun. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2019.03.082.[4] M. Bodner, Ž. Penga, W. Ladreiter, M. Heidinger, and V. Hacker, “Simulation-Assisted Determination of the Start-Up Time of a Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell,” Energies, vol. 14, no. 23, p. 7929, Nov. 2021, doi: 10.3390/en14237929.

AB - During the start-up of a fuel cell, but also during transient operation, the availability of hydrogen at any location of the active surface of the fuel cell anode is crucial for its safe and reliable operation. When neglecting water vapor, inlet hydrogen mass fractions below one may occur when inert gases or air are flushed out during start-up or as a result of nitrogen accumulation due to fuel recirculation in fuel-efficiency driven system operation [1], [2]. Therefore, in a combined experimental and simulation-based approach, the hydrogen mass fraction distribution over the active area of a 25 cm2 single cell was investigated and the impact of it on known degradation mechanisms such as the corrosion of carbon-based anode catalyst support was determined through off-gas analysis. With a new approach to time-resolved computational fluid dynamic simulation (based on an existing model by Penga et al. [3]) the progression of local conditions during current ramp up were visualized [4].References[1] B. Wang, H. Deng, and K. Jiao, “Purge strategy optimization of proton exchange membrane fuel cell with anode recirculation,” Appl. Energy, vol. 225, no. May, pp. 1–13, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.04.058.[2] K. Kocher, S. Kolar, W. Ladreiter, and V. Hacker, “Cold start behavior and freeze characteristics of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell,” Fuel Cells, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 363–372, 2021, doi: 10.1002/fuce.202000106.[3] Ž. Penga, C. Bergbreiter, F. Barbir, and J. Scholta, “Numerical and experimental analysis of liquid water distribution in PEM fuel cells,” Energy Convers. Manag., vol. 189, pp. 167–183, Jun. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2019.03.082.[4] M. Bodner, Ž. Penga, W. Ladreiter, M. Heidinger, and V. Hacker, “Simulation-Assisted Determination of the Start-Up Time of a Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell,” Energies, vol. 14, no. 23, p. 7929, Nov. 2021, doi: 10.3390/en14237929.

UR - https://ecs.confex.com/ecs/241/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/158507

M3 - Abstract

T2 - 241st ECS Meeting

Y2 - 29 May 2022 through 2 June 2022

ER -

Investigation of the Hydrogen Mass Fraction Distribution in a Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell through Experimentally Validated Simulation

Abstract

Konferenz

Fields of Expertise

Andere Dateien und Links

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Projekte

HyTechonomy - Wasserstofftechnologien für nachhaltiges Wirtschaften

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