Finite element modelling of reinforced slopes by means of embedded beam rows

Traditionally, slope stability analysis and calculation of factors of safety is done by means of limit equilibrium analysis utilizing the methods of slices. However, the so-called strength reduction technique performed with the finite element method may prove to be a powerful alternative. This is in particular true if support elements such as nails, anchors and piles have to be considered, because the effect of these structural elements is not very realistically captured in these simplified methods. When using finite element analysis, these structural elements can be included in the model, but different options exist. If the piles are not placed at a very narrow spacing, a classical 2D representation will not be sufficient and 3D analyses, which are computationally more demanding, will be essential. In order to avoid 3D calculations, a feature is available in some finite element codes where structural elements at a certain spacing can be introduced in 2D by means of a special element formulation and the performance of such an approach will be investigated in this paper.