TY - JOUR
T1 - Comprehensive estimation of lake volume changes on the Tibetan Plateau during 1976–2019 and basin-wide glacier contribution
AU - Zhang, Guoqing
AU - Bolch, Tobias
AU - Chen, Wenfeng
AU - Crétaux, Jean François
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of China ( 41831177 , 41871056 ), the European Space Agency within the Dragon 4 program ( 4000121469/17/I-NB ), the Swiss National Science Foundation (No. 200021E_177652/1 ) within the framework of the DFG Research Unit GlobalCDA (FOR2630), and the French Space Agency ( CNES ). G. Zhang wants to thank the China Scholarship Council for supporting his visit to University of Zurich (the former affiliation of T. Bolch) from December 2017 to December 2018. The authors also thank Fanny Brun, Etienne Berthier, and Kun Yang for their suggestions and helps during the preparation of this manuscript. The 30-m SRTM DEM data used in this study are downloaded from NASA's Earth Science Data Systems (ESDS, https://earthdata.nasa.gov/ ). The Landsat imageries are from USGS EROS Data Center and NASA ( https://glovis.usgs.gov ). GPCC precipitation data is obtained from https://climatedataguide.ucar.edu/climate-data/gpcc-global-precipitation-climatology-centre . Landsat images used are provided in Table S1 . Detailed information for 1132 lakes examined are provided in Table S2 . Lake volume changes among different periods are provided in Table S3 . We would like to thank three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments to improve the paper.
Funding Information:
This study was supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of China ( 41831177 , 41871056 ), the European Space Agency within the Dragon 4 program ( 4000121469/17/I-NB ), the Swiss National Science Foundation ( 200021E_177652/1 ) within the framework of the DFG Research Unit GlobalCDA (FOR2630), and the French Space Agency ( CNES ). G. Zhang wants to thank the China Scholarship Council for supporting his visit to University of Zurich (the former affiliation of T. Bolch) from December 2017 to December 2018. The authors also thank Fanny Brun, Etienne Berthier, and Kun Yang for their suggestions and help during the preparation of this manuscript. The 30-m SRTM DEM data used in this study are downloaded from NASA's Earth Science Data Systems (ESDS, https://earthdata.nasa.gov/ ). The Landsat imageries are from USGS EROS Data Center and NASA ( https://glovis.usgs.gov ). GPCC precipitation data is obtained from https://climatedataguide.ucar.edu/climate-data/gpcc-global-precipitation-climatology-centre . Landsat images used are provided in Table S1. Detailed information for 1132 lakes examined are provided in Table S2. Lake volume changes among different periods are provided in Table S3. We would like to thank three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments to improve the paper.
Funding Information:
This study was supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of China (41831177, 41871056), the European Space Agency within the Dragon 4 program (4000121469/17/I-NB), the Swiss National Science Foundation (No. 200021E_177652/1) within the framework of the DFG Research Unit GlobalCDA (FOR2630), and the French Space Agency (CNES). G. Zhang wants to thank the China Scholarship Council for supporting his visit to University of Zurich (the former affiliation of T. Bolch) from December 2017 to December 2018. The authors also thank Fanny Brun, Etienne Berthier, and Kun Yang for their suggestions and helps during the preparation of this manuscript. The 30-m SRTM DEM data used in this study are downloaded from NASA's Earth Science Data Systems (ESDS, https://earthdata.nasa.gov/). The Landsat imageries are from USGS EROS Data Center and NASA (https://glovis.usgs.gov). GPCC precipitation data is obtained from https://climatedataguide.ucar.edu/climate-data/gpcc-global-precipitation-climatology-centre. Landsat images used are provided in Table S1. Detailed information for 1132 lakes examined are provided in Table S2. Lake volume changes among different periods are provided in Table S3. We would like to thank three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments to improve the paper. This study was supported by grants from the Natural Science Foundation of China (41831177, 41871056), the European Space Agency within the Dragon 4 program (4000121469/17/I-NB), the Swiss National Science Foundation (200021E_177652/1) within the framework of the DFG Research Unit GlobalCDA (FOR2630), and the French Space Agency (CNES). G. Zhang wants to thank the China Scholarship Council for supporting his visit to University of Zurich (the former affiliation of T. Bolch) from December 2017 to December 2018. The authors also thank Fanny Brun, Etienne Berthier, and Kun Yang for their suggestions and help during the preparation of this manuscript. The 30-m SRTM DEM data used in this study are downloaded from NASA's Earth Science Data Systems (ESDS, https://earthdata.nasa.gov/). The Landsat imageries are from USGS EROS Data Center and NASA (https://glovis.usgs.gov). GPCC precipitation data is obtained from https://climatedataguide.ucar.edu/climate-data/gpcc-global-precipitation-climatology-centre. Landsat images used are provided in Table S1. Detailed information for 1132 lakes examined are provided in Table S2. Lake volume changes among different periods are provided in Table S3. We would like to thank three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments to improve the paper.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2021/6/10
Y1 - 2021/6/10
N2 - Volume changes and water balances of the lakes on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) are spatially heterogeneous and the lake-basin scale drivers remain unclear. In this study, we comprehensively estimated water volume changes for 1132 lakes larger than 1 km2 and determined the glacier contribution to lake volume change at basin-wide scale using satellite stereo and multispectral images. Overall, the water mass stored in the lakes increased by 169.7 ± 15.1 Gt (3.9 ± 0.4 Gt yr−1) between 1976 and 2019, mainly in the Inner-TP (157.6 ± 11.6 or 3.7 ± 0.3 Gt yr−1). A substantial increase in mass occurred between 1995 and 2019 (214.9 ± 12.7 Gt or 9.0 ± 0.5 Gt yr−1), following a period of decrease (−45.2 ± 8.2 Gt or −2.4 ± 0.4 Gt yr−1) prior to 1995. A slowdown in the rate of water mass increase occurred between 2010 and 2015 (23.1 ± 6.5 Gt or 4.6 ± 1.3 Gt yr−1), followed again by a high value between 2015 and 2019 (65.7 ± 6.7 Gt or 16.4 ± 1.7 Gt yr−1). The increased lake-water mass occurred predominately in glacier-fed lakes (127.1 ± 14.3 Gt) in contrast to non-glacier-fed lakes (42.6 ± 4.9 Gt), and in endorheic lakes (161.9 ± 14.0 Gt) against exorheic lakes (7.8 ± 5.8 Gt) over 1976–2019. Endorheic and glacier-fed lakes showed strongly contrasting patterns with a remarkable storage increase in the northern TP and slight decrease in the southern TP. The ratio of excess glacier meltwater runoff to lake volume increase between 2000 and ~2019 was less than 30% for the entire Inner-TP based on several independent data sets. Among individual lake-basins, 14 showed a glacier contribution to lake volume increase of 0.3% to 29.1%. The other eight basins exhibited a greater glacier contribution of 116% to 436%, which could be explained by decreased net precipitation. The lake volume change and basin scale glacier contribution reveal that the enhanced precipitation predominantly drives lake volume increase but it is spatially heterogeneous.
AB - Volume changes and water balances of the lakes on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) are spatially heterogeneous and the lake-basin scale drivers remain unclear. In this study, we comprehensively estimated water volume changes for 1132 lakes larger than 1 km2 and determined the glacier contribution to lake volume change at basin-wide scale using satellite stereo and multispectral images. Overall, the water mass stored in the lakes increased by 169.7 ± 15.1 Gt (3.9 ± 0.4 Gt yr−1) between 1976 and 2019, mainly in the Inner-TP (157.6 ± 11.6 or 3.7 ± 0.3 Gt yr−1). A substantial increase in mass occurred between 1995 and 2019 (214.9 ± 12.7 Gt or 9.0 ± 0.5 Gt yr−1), following a period of decrease (−45.2 ± 8.2 Gt or −2.4 ± 0.4 Gt yr−1) prior to 1995. A slowdown in the rate of water mass increase occurred between 2010 and 2015 (23.1 ± 6.5 Gt or 4.6 ± 1.3 Gt yr−1), followed again by a high value between 2015 and 2019 (65.7 ± 6.7 Gt or 16.4 ± 1.7 Gt yr−1). The increased lake-water mass occurred predominately in glacier-fed lakes (127.1 ± 14.3 Gt) in contrast to non-glacier-fed lakes (42.6 ± 4.9 Gt), and in endorheic lakes (161.9 ± 14.0 Gt) against exorheic lakes (7.8 ± 5.8 Gt) over 1976–2019. Endorheic and glacier-fed lakes showed strongly contrasting patterns with a remarkable storage increase in the northern TP and slight decrease in the southern TP. The ratio of excess glacier meltwater runoff to lake volume increase between 2000 and ~2019 was less than 30% for the entire Inner-TP based on several independent data sets. Among individual lake-basins, 14 showed a glacier contribution to lake volume increase of 0.3% to 29.1%. The other eight basins exhibited a greater glacier contribution of 116% to 436%, which could be explained by decreased net precipitation. The lake volume change and basin scale glacier contribution reveal that the enhanced precipitation predominantly drives lake volume increase but it is spatially heterogeneous.
KW - Glacier mass balance
KW - Lake volume change
KW - Lake water balance
KW - Tibetan Plateau
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85100518887&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145463
DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145463
M3 - Article
C2 - 33578155
AN - SCOPUS:85100518887
SN - 0048-9697
VL - 772
JO - Science of the Total Environment
JF - Science of the Total Environment
M1 - 145463
ER -
